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幸福的伦理 (Ethics of Happiness)

根据亚里士多德,什么是幸福?

  • 幸福是人的终极标竿和存在的目的端。
  • 幸福不是享受或美德。它是美德的运动。
  • 一个人的幸福,实现在人的生命过后。因此,它是不是暂时的情况乃是人生的目标。
  • 幸福是人性的完善。因为人是理性的动物,所以人的幸福是靠着理论的活动。
  • 幸福取决于获取的品德。一个人在生活中显示勇气,慷慨,正义,友谊,和公民的美德。这些道德包括平衡在过剩和不足之间。
  • 幸福需要智慧的沉思,因为这是我们的理性的能力,最终实现。

Happiness 127

According to Aristotle, what is happiness?

  • Happiness is the ultimate end and purpose of human existence
  • Happiness is not pleasure, nor is it virtue. It is the exercise of virtue.
  • Happiness cannot be achieved until the end of one’s life. Hence it is a goal and not a temporary state.
  • Happiness is the perfection of human nature. Since man is a rational animal, human happiness depends on the exercise of his reason.
  • Happiness depends on acquiring a moral character, where one displays the virtues of courage, generosity, justice, friendship, and citizenship in one’s life. These virtues involve striking a balance or “mean” between an excess and a deficiency.
  • Happiness requires intellectual contemplation, for this is the ultimate realization of our rational capacities.

Aristotle: Pioneer of Happiness